Como juntar as palavras em inglês? Collocations: (intermediário)



Tell me who you go with and I'll tell you who you are Diga-me com quem andas que te direi que és

O que é uma collocation?

Uma collocation é duas ou mais palavras que sempre estão juntas. Estas combinações simplesmente soam "correto" para os falantes nativos do inglês, quem as usa todo o tempo. Em contrapartida, outras combinações poder ser não-naturais e simplesmente soar "errado". Veja estes exemplos:

Inglês Natural...	Inglês Não-Natural...
the fast train fast food	the quick train quick food
a quick shower a quick meal	a fast shower a fast meal

Porquê aprender collocations?

• Sua linguagem vai ser mais natural e mais fácil de ser entendido.
• Você terá modos alternativos e mais ricos de se expressar.
• É mais fácil para nosso cérebro lembrar e usar a linguagem em blocos do que palavras isoladas.

Como aprender as collocations

• Preste atenção nas collocations, e tente reconhece-las quando você vê-las ou ouvi-las
• Trate as collocations como blocos simples da lingua. Pense nelas como blocos ou pedaçoes, e aprenda o bloco strongly support, não strong+support.
• Quando aprender uma nova palavra, escreve outras palavra que 'colocam/aparecem' com ela (remember rightly, remember distinctly, remember vaguely, remember vividly).
• Leia o máximo que puder. A leitura é um excelente modo de aprender vocabulário e collocations no contexto e naturalmente.
• Revise o que você aprende regularmente. Pratique usando novas collocations em contexto tão logo você aprendê-las.
• Aprenda collocations em grupos que funcionam para você. Você pode aprendê-los por tópico (time, number, weather, money, family) ou por uma palavra em particular (take action, take a chance, take an exam).
• Você pode encontrar informação sobre collocations em algum bom learner's dictionary.

Tipos de Collocation

Existem diversos diferentes tipos de collocations feitas de combinações de verbo, substantivo, adjetivo etc. Alguns dos mais comuns são:

• Adverb + Adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
• Adjective + Noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
• Noun + Noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
• Noun + Verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
• Verb + Noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
• Verb + Expression With Preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
• Verb + Adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)

Neste lição observamos alguns exemplos de collocations, e finalizamos com quizzes para avaliar o que foi aprendido:

• Sample Collocations
• Collocation Lists
• Collocation Quizzes

Estudantes avançados e professores podem também ver mais informações em Página Avançada.

Listas de Collocation

Nesta página você pode encontrar algumas listas de collocations para dá-lo mais ideia sobre o assunto. Muitos bons learner's dictionaries mostram collocations associadas com palavras específicas. Existem também dicionários de collocations, porém estes são muito mais díficeis de encontrar.

Some common verbs
have	do	make
have a bath have a drink have a good time have a haircut have a holiday have a problem have a relationship have a rest have lunch have sympathy	do business do nothing do someone a favour do the cooking do the housework do the shopping do the washing up do your best do your hair do your homework	make a difference make a mess make a mistake make a noise make an effort make furniture make money make progress make room make trouble
take	break	catch
take a break take a chance take a look take a rest take a seat take a taxi take an exam take notes take someone's place take someone's temperature	break a habit break a leg break a promise break a record break a window break someone's heart break the ice break the law break the news to someone break the rules	catch a ball catch a bus catch a chill catch a cold catch a thief catch fire catch sight of catch someone's attention catch someone's eye catch the flu
pay	save	keep
pay a fine pay attention pay by credit card pay cash pay interest pay someone a compliment pay someone a visit pay the bill pay the price pay your respects	save electricity save energy save money save one's strength save someone a seat save someone's life save something to a disk save space save time save yourself the trouble	keep a diary keep a promise keep a secret keep an appointment keep calm keep control keep in touch keep quiet keep someone's place keep the change
come	go	get
come close come complete with come direct come early come first come into view come last come late come on time come prepared come right back come second come to a compromise come to a decision come to an agreement come to an end come to a standstill come to terms with come to a total of come under attack	go abroad go astray go bad go bald go bankrupt go blind go crazy go dark go deaf go fishing go mad go missing go on foot go online go out of business go overseas go quiet go sailing go to war go yellow	get a job get a shock get angry get divorced get drunk get frightened get home get lost get married get nowhere get permission get pregnant get ready get started get the impression get the message get the sack get upset get wet get worried
Miscellaneous
Time	Business English	Classifiers
bang on time dead on time early 12th century free time from dawn till dusk great deal of time late 20th century make time for next few days past few weeks right on time run out of time save time spare time spend some time take your time tell someone the time time goes by time passes waste time	annual turnover bear in mind break off negotiations cease trading chair a meeting close a deal close a meeting come to the point dismiss an offer draw a conclusion draw your attention to launch a new product lay off staff go bankrupt go into partnership make a loss make a profit market forces sales figures take on staff

Collocation Quizzes

Do or Make Collocations Quiz

1	What do you do make for a living?	Click for answer do
2	Have you done made your homework already?	Click for answer done
3	My husband does makes the grocery shopping.	Click for answer does
4	Amber did made badly on her geography exam.	Click for answer did
5	The children made did a mess in the kitchen.	Click for answer made
6	We are having guests tonight, so please make do your bed.	Click for answer make
7	I only made did one mistake in my English test.	Click for answer made
8	I have to ask you to do make me a favour.	Click for answer do
9	Have you and your friend made done a decision yet?	Click for answer made
10	Please excuse me while I make do a phonecall.	Click for answer make

Time Collocations Quiz

1	He arrived exactly at 11am, bang straight on time.	Click for answer bang
2	What do you do in your free loose ?	Click for answer free
3	We couldn't finish because we ran through ran out of time.	Click for answer ran out of
4	If we take this short cut we'll grow save some time.	Click for answer save
5	I damaged wasted time, and now doth time waste me. (Shakespeare)	Click for answer wasted
6	There have been several burglaries in the past few few past weeks.	Click for answer past few
7	The Internet was developed in the last 20th late 20th century.	Click for answer late 20th
8	They have no time. They work from dawn to from day to dusk.	Click for answer from dawn to
9	You'll forget it when time comes as time goes by.	Click for answer as time goes
10	Can you make time cut time for me this weekend?	Click for answer make time

 

Verificar a Collocation das Palavras

Corpus Concordance Sampler

The Collins WordbanksOnline English corpus sampler is composed of 56 million words of contemporary written and spoken text. To get a flavour of the type of linguistic data that a corpus like this can provide, you can type in some simple queries here and get a display of concordance lines from the corpus. The query syntax allows you to specify word combinations, wildcards, part-of-speech tags, and so on.

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Type in your query:

Which sub-corpora should be searched?

British books, ephemera, radio, newspapers, magazines (36m words)
American books, ephemera and radio (10m words)
British transcribed speech (10m words) 

To get sample concordances, press this button:
To set concordance width (in characters), make a selection:

Note that output from this demo facility will be restricted to 40 lines of concordance, each with a maximum width of 250 characters. The lines to be displayed will be selected at random.

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Collocation Sampler

Type in your word:

Select a significance score to be calculated:

Mutual Information
T-score

To get collocations, press this button:

Note that output from this demo facility will be restricted to 100 collocates. These will be the statistically most significant ones according to the score you have selected.

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Comentários  

 

+1 #1 suelicastellar 08-06-2010 18:56

i like 8) :cry: :zzz

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